Sector Hub · 9 Property Types

Industrial Real Estate Analytics.

Industrial real estate covers warehouses, bulk distribution centers, last-mile fulfillment, manufacturing buildings, flex industrial, data centers, self-storage, cold storage, and truck terminals — collectively the largest US commercial real estate sector by square footage. Performance is measured in NOI per square foot, square-foot yield, clear height, dock door ratio, Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) for data centers, and tenant credit (e-commerce + 3PL credits dominate post-2020). Triple-net lease structure is standard. Public REIT comparables include Prologis (PLD — global leader), First Industrial (FR), Rexford (REXR — LA infill), EastGroup (EGP — Sun Belt), STAG (STAG — single-tenant), Terreno (TRNO — coastal infill), and Plymouth (PLYM); data center exposure via Equinix (EQIX) and Digital Realty (DLR); self-storage via Public Storage (PSA), Extra Space (EXR), CubeSmart (CUBE), and National Storage Affiliates (NSA); cold storage via Americold (COLD). Ilora.ai ingests rent rolls, NNN lease abstracts, building specifications (clear height, power, sprinkler), tenant credit reports, and capital plans.

Property Types: 9
KPIs Tracked: 13
Canonical KPIs: 9
AI Agents: 347

Property Types

9 property types in INDUSTRIAL.

Canonical KPIs

9 core KPIs anchor industrial analysis.

NOINet Operating Income: Total revenue minus operating expenses (excludes financing and capital costs). The primary measure of property-level profitability.NOI = Revenue − Operating Expenses
Cap RateCapitalization Rate: Net Operating Income divided by current property value. Expresses unleveraged annual yield as a percentage.Cap Rate = NOI ÷ Property Value
DSCRDebt Service Coverage Ratio: Net Operating Income divided by total annual debt service. Lender-required cushion measure; below 1.0 means NOI cannot cover debt.DSCR = NOI ÷ Annual Debt Service
OEROperating Expense Ratio: Operating expenses divided by gross revenue. Lower is better, but varies by property type (hotels run higher than triple-net retail).OER = Operating Expenses ÷ Gross Revenue
PUEPower Usage Effectiveness: Total facility power divided by IT equipment power. Lower is better — 1.0 is theoretical perfect.PUE = Total Facility Power ÷ IT Equipment Power
SF YieldSquare Foot Yield: NOI per rentable square foot. Comparable measure across industrial buildings of different size.
Clear HeightClear Height: Distance from finished floor to lowest overhead obstruction. Drives storage cube and rent premium.

Common Questions

Frequently asked questions about industrial real estate.

What property types does industrial real estate include?

Warehouses, bulk distribution centers, last-mile fulfillment, manufacturing buildings, flex industrial, data centers, self-storage, cold storage, and truck terminals — seven core types plus data center as the digital-infrastructure subset.

What clear height is required for modern bulk distribution?

Modern bulk distribution centers require 36-40' clear height to support racking systems and automation. Older buildings run 24-32'. Clear height directly drives storage cube — a 36' building stores 50% more pallets than a 24' building of the same footprint.

What is PUE in data centers?

PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness) is total facility power divided by IT equipment power. Modern hyperscale facilities achieve 1.10-1.20; legacy enterprise data centers run 1.5-2.0. PUE is the industry-standard energy efficiency metric, governed by The Green Grid and ASHRAE.

Which REITs benchmark industrial real estate?

Logistics: PLD, FR, REXR, EGP, STAG, TRNO, PLYM. Data center: EQIX, DLR, AMT (towers + DC). Self-storage: PSA, EXR, CUBE, NSA. Cold storage: COLD (Americold) is the only pure-play public REIT; Lineage Logistics filed for IPO 2024.

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